The Siege of Jerusalem: Crusade and Conquest in 1099 Read online

Page 32


  J. Gillingham and J. C. Holt (Woodbridge, 1984), pp. 33–45.

  Morris, C., ‘Th

  e aims and spirituality of the crusade as seen through the eyes

  of Albert of Aix’, Reading Medieval Studies 16 (1990), pp. 99–117.

  Morris, C., ‘Th

  e Gesta Francorum as narrative history’, Reading Medieval Studies 19 (1993), pp. 55–71.

  Muldoon, J., ed., Varieties of Religious Conversion in the Middle Ages (Gainesville, 1997).

  Munro, D. C., ‘Th

  e speech of Pope Urban II at Clermont, 1095’, American

  Historical Review 11 (1905–6), pp. 231–42.

  Munro, D. C., ‘A Crusader’, Speculum 7 (1932), pp. 321–35.

  Murray, A. V., ‘Th

  e title of Godfrey of Bouillon as ruler of Jerusalem’, Collegium Medievale 3 (1990).

  Murray, A. V., ‘Th

  e army of Godfrey of Bouillon’, Revue Belge de Philologie

  et d’Histoire 70 (1992), pp. 301–29.

  Murray, A. V., ‘Bibliography of the First Crusade’, From Clermont to Jerusalem.

  Th

  e Crusades and Crusader Societies 1095–1500, ed. A. V. Murray (Turnhout, 1998), pp. 267–310.

  Murray, A. V., ed., From Clermont to Jerusalem. Th

  e Crusades and Crusader

  Societies 1095–1500 (Turnhout,1998).

  Murray, A. V., Th

  e Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, A Dynastic History

  1099–1125 (Oxford, 2000).

  Nader, M., Burgesses and the Burgess Law in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1099–1325) (Aldershot, 2006).

  Nicholson, R. L., Tancred: A Study of His Career and Work in Th eir Relation

  to the First Crusade and the Establishment of the Latin States in Syria and Palestine (Chicago, 1940).

  Oehler, H., ‘Studien zu den Gesta Francorum’, Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 6

  (1970), 58–97.

  Paterson, L. M. and C. E. Sweetenham, Th

  e Canso d’Antioca. An Occitan Epic of

  the First Crusade (Aldershot, 2003).

  N. L. Paul, ‘Crusade, memory and regional politics in twelft h-century Amboise’, Journal of Medieval History, 31.2 (June 2005), pp. 127–41.

  Phillips, J., ed., Th

  e First Crusade: Origins and impact (Manchester, 1997).

  202 B I B L I O G R A P H Y

  Porges, W., ‘Th

  e clergy, the poor and the non-Combatants on the First Crusade’,

  Speculum 21 (1946), pp. 1–21.

  Prawer, J., Crusader Institutions (Oxford, 1980).

  Prawer, J., Th

  e Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem: European Colonisation in the

  Middle Ages (London, 1972).

  Regnier, J., Bulletin du Bibliophile et du Bibliothecaire (Paris, 1862).

  Richard, J., ‘La confrérie de la première croisade’, in Etudes de Civilisation Médiéval: Mélanges Off erts à E. R. Labande, ed. B. Jeannau (Poitiers, 1974), pp. 617–22.

  Riley-Smith, J., ‘Th

  e title of Godfrey of Bouillon’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 52 (1979).

  Riley-Smith, J., ‘Th

  e First Crusade and the persecution of the Jews’, Studies in

  Church History 21 (1984), pp. 51–72.

  Riley-Smith, J., Th

  e First Crusaders 1095–1131 (Cambridge, 1997).

  Rouche, M., ‘Cannibalisme sacré chez les croisés populaires’, in la Réligion Populaire, ed. Y. M. Hilaire (Paris, 1981), pp. 56–69.

  Rousset, P., Les Origines et Les Caractéres de la Première Croisade (Geneva, 1945).

  Rubenstein, J., Guibert of Nogent: Portrait of a Medieval Mind (New York, 2002).

  Rubenstein, J., ‘How, or how much, to re-evaluate Peter the Hermit’, in Th e

  Medieval Crusade, ed. S. J. Ridyard (Woodbridge, 2004), pp. 53–70.

  Rubenstein, J., ‘Putting history to use: three crusading chronicles in context’, Viator 35 (2004), pp. 131–68.

  Rubenstein, J., ‘ What is the Gesta Francorum, and who was Peter Tudebode?’

  Revue Mabillon 16 (2005), pp. 179–204.

  Runciman, S., ‘Th

  e Holy Lance found at Antioch’, Analecta Bollandiana 68

  (1950), pp. 197–205.

  Runciman, S., A History of the Crusades, 3 (fi ft h edition: London, 1991).

  Shabrir, I., R. Ellenblum and J. Riley-Smith, eds., In Laudem Hierosolymitani (Aldershot, 2007).

  Somerville, R., Th

  e Councils of Urban II, 1, Decreta Claromontensia (Amsterdam, 1972).

  Somerville, R., ‘Th

  e council of Clermont and the First Crusade’, Studia

  Gratiana 20 (1976), pp. 323–37.

  Somerville, R., Pope Alexander III and the Council of Tours (Los Angeles, 1977).

  Sumberg, L. A. M., ‘Th

  e “Tafurs” and the First Crusade’, Mediaeval Studies 21

  (1951), pp. 224–46.

  B I B L I O G R A P H Y

  203

  Th

  omson, R., ‘William of Malmesbury, historian of Crusade’, Reading Medieval Studies 23 (1997), pp 121–34.

  Wolf, K. B., ‘Crusade and narrative: Bohemond and the Gesta Francorum’, Journal of Medieval History 17, II (1991), pp. 207–16.

  Yewdale, R. B., Bohemond I, Prince of Antioch (New York, 1924).

  Zajac, W. G. ‘Captured property on the First Crusade’, in Th

  e First Crusade,

  Origins and Impact, ed. J. Phillips (Manchester 1997), pp. 153–180.

  This page intentionally left blank

  Index

  Abbasid dynasty 51

  Amalfi 7

  Abu Shama 165

  Amalric, king of Jerusalem 167

  Achard of Montmerle 74, 76

  Amiens 75

  Acre 52, 156

  Antioch 34, 45, 46, 47, 53, 54, 55, 57,

  Adelolf 128

  60, 70, 71, 78, 81, 87, 89, 96, 140,

  Adhémar, bishop of Le Puy 2, 6, 8, 17,

  142, 155, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162,

  20, 21, 26, 31, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49,

  176, 181

  61, 93, 96, 97, 104, 133, 138, 139,

  siege 34–40, 58, 63, 75, 79, 80, 93, 123,

  142, 175, 177

  140, 142, 176

  al-Adid 168

  al-Aqsā Mosque 54, 55, 126–7, 129–30,

  Adrianople 16

  134–5, 164, 184

  al-Afdal, vizier of Egypt 52, 53–4, 56, 64,

  Arnulf, bishop of Matera 136–8, 149

  72, 73, 79, 83, 88–9, 91, 92, 102,

  Arnulf of Choques, later Patriarch of

  112–13, 147–8, 151–3, 154, 155,

  Jerusalem 6, 48–9, 97–8, 104, 123,

  176, 183

  136–8, 146–7, 149, 151, 159, 182

  Agamemnon 85

  ‘Arqā 48, 49, 50, 56, 58, 67, 97, 104, 147

  Agrippa 1

  Artuq 55, 81

  Akhzib 160

  Ascalon 73, 76, 78, 88, 122, 134, 148,

  Alamūt 162

  149, 151–3, 166, 176, 177, 184

  Albara 35, 84

  Jaff a Gate 152

  bishop of see Peter of Narbonne

  Jerusalem Gate 152

  Albert III, count of Namur 80

  Assassins see Bātinīds

  Albert of Aachen 178–9

  Atsiz b. Uwaq 81

  Aleppo 35, 158, 162, 164, 166, 168, 169

  Aubrey of Grandmesnil 40

  Alexander, papal legate, 6

  Avignon 141

  Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine

  al-‘Azimi 183

  emperor 9, 10, 12, 14, 15–18, 21,

  23, 24, 25, 26–7, 34, 43, 44, 45, 46,

  Bachrach, B. S. 182

  47, 53, 85, 123, 137, 157–8

  Bachrach, D. S. 182

  Alfonso I, king of Aragon 164

  Badr al-Jamāli 52
r />   Alfonso VI, king of Leon and

  Baisy 140

  Castille 141

  Baldric, archbishop of Dol 179–80, 182

  206 I N D E X

  Baldric, chamberlain 128

  Cecilia, daughter of Philip I of

  Baldwin IV, king of Jerusalem 170

  France 157

  Baldwin V, king of Jerusalem 170

  Cecilia, daughter of William the

  Baldwin of Boulogne (Baldwin I of

  Conqueror 157

  Jerusalem) 6, 17, 20, 32–4, 44, 57,

  Charles III, ‘the simple’, king of Western

  74–5, 78, 93, 156, 157, 159, 162

  Francia 17

  Baldwin of Bourcq (Baldwin II of

  Chartres 160, 161, 178

  Jerusalem) 74–7, 159, 162

  Chastel-Rouge 47, 142

  Baldwin of Ibelin 170

  Chronicon of William of Tyre 182

  Balian of Ibelin 171

  Church of the Holy Sepulchre see Holy

  Bari 80

  Sepulchre

  Bātinīds 52, 53, 162–3, 168

  Church of the Lord’s Nativity,

  Beirut 156

  Bethlehem 61

  Beit-Jibrin 160

  Church of the Virgin, Jerusalem 59,

  Bernard, advocate of the monastery of

  113, 121

  Saint Valery-sur-Somme 120

  Civitot 10, 12, 19, 20

  Bernard of Clairvaux 163

  battle 21 October 1096 13–15, 26,

  Bernard the Stranger 158–9

  133

  Bertrade of Montfort 1

  Clarembald of Vendeuil 5, 15–16, 30, 39

  Bertrand I, count of Toulouse 2, 141

  Clermont 1

  Bethlehem 61, 67, 71, 73, 83, 87, 89, 94,

  council, 18–28 November 1095 1–2,

  137, 144

  180

  Bohemond I of Taranto 7, 15, 16, 17,

  Cluny, monastery 74

  19, 26–7, 28–31, 34–5, 36–7, 38–9,

  Cologne 4, 5, 50

  40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 57, 63, 71, 78, 87,

  Coloman I, king of Hungary 9–10, 15

  142, 144, 146, 149, 156, 157–8, 162,

  Th

  e Complete History 184

  176, 181

  Conan of Montague 33

  Bohemond III, prince of Antioch 170

  Conrad III, king of Germany 164, 165–6

  Bonneval abbey 64, 160

  Constance, daughter of Philip I of

  Book of Holy War 163

  France 157

  Bosphorus 18, 19, 27

  Constantinople 7–9, 12, 14, 17, 18,

  Bouillon Castle 80, 140

  158, 165

  Boutoumites 21, 23–4

  Continuation of the Chronicle of

  Bull, Marcus 176, 180

  Damascus 183

  Cyprus 70, 72, 145

  Caen 181

  Caesarea 148

  Daimbert of Pisa, Patriarch of

  Cairo 51–2, 53, 54, 55, 56, 64, 66, 72,

  Jerusalem 155, 159

  79, 88, 109, 147, 155, 162, 167,

  Damascus 35, 72, 83, 162, 163, 164–5,

  169, 183

  168, 169

  Cambrai 3

  siege 1148 165–6

  Castle Imbert see Akhzib

  Daron 161

  I N D E X

  207

  David’s Tomb, Jerusalem 59

  Galilee 197

  David’s Tower, citadel of Jerusalem 58–9,

  Gaston IV, viscount of Béarn ix–xi, 39,

  77, 81, 98, 109, 121–2, 125, 128, 132,

  44, 60, 80, 92–4, 104, 118, 126–7,

  133, 144, 149, 156, 158–9, 175, 184

  129, 133, 140

  Digne 141

  Gaudry, bishop of Laon 85

  al-Dimashqī 91

  Gaza 53

  Dome of the Rock 54, 55, 126–7, 128–9,

  Geldmar Carpinel 74–6

  133, 136, 146, 149, 183–4

  Gembloux, monastery 182

  Dorylaeum 27

  Genappe 140

  battle 1 July 1097 28–31, 43, 69, 75,

  Genoa 45

  85, 93, 95, 146

  Genzia documents 183

  Drogo of Nesle 15–16, 30, 39, 40, 44, 60,

  Gerard, founder of the Hospitallers 90

  93, 129

  Gerard of Quierzy 85–6

  Duquq of Damascus 35, 43, 86

  Gerard of Ridefort 171

  Durazzo 17, 18

  Gesta Dei Per Francos 181

  Dyrrhachium 158

  Gesta Francorum 176–7, 180, 181

  Gesta Tancredi 181

  Edessa 33, 44, 57, 74, 75, 78, 155,

  Gibb, H. A. R. 183

  162, 178

  Gihon, spring 67–9, 72

  capture by Zankī, 1144 163, 164, 166

  Gil, Moshe 183

  Edgington, S. B. 178

  Gilbert of Traves 74, 76

  Elvira, wife of Count Raymond of

  Gilo, cardinal-bishop of

  Toulouse 141

  Tusculum 180–1

  Emicho, count of Flonheim 5, 15

  Godfrey IV, duke of Lower Lotharingia,

  Emir of Tripoli see Jalāl al-Mulk

  6–7, 15–16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 26, 30, 33,

  Emma of Hereford 277

  36, 37–8, 43, 44, 53, 60, 63, 64, 74,

  Engelbert of Tournai 120–1

  80, 93–4, 99, 104, 108, 110, 118, 119,

  Eugenius III, pope 164

  121, 123, 127–8, 137–8, 139–41,

  Eustace III, count of Boulogne 6, 45, 60,

  142, 143–4, 145, 147, 148, 150,

  101–2, 121, 144, 148, 159

  151–4, 155–6, 178, 183

  Everard III, lord of Le Puiset 37, 60,

  Goitein, S. D. 183

  129–30

  Goliath Citadel, Jerusalem 81

  Gottschalk, priest 5, 9–10

  Fatimid dynasty 51–2, 53, 54, 55

  Gregory VII, pope 59, 138, 143

  Field of Blood 162

  Grocock, C. W. 181

  Firouz 38–40, 89

  Guibert, abbot of Nogent 181

  France, John 176, 177, 179

  Guy of Brisebarre 165

  Frederick I, duke of Swabia 138

  Guy of Lusignan 170

  Fulcher of Chartres, chronicler 161–2,

  Guy Trousseau of Montlhéry 40

  178

  Fulcher of Chartres, knight 39, 44, 93

  Hadrumetum 17

  Fulk IV, count of Anjou 1

  Hagenmeyer, Heinrich 178

  208 I N D E X

  Hamdan b. ‘Abd al-Rahim 183

  Hosn al-Akrad 47

  Haram es-Sharif 55, 56, 71, 126–7, 128–9

  Hospitallers 164, 167, 171

  Harem 36

  Hugh ‘the Great’, count of Vermandois 6,

  Harran, battle 1104 162

  15–16, 26, 30, 31, 39, 44, 60, 85,

  Hartmann, count of Dillingen and

  93, 129

  Kyburg 21, 23, 140

  Husechin, knight 141

  Hasan Ibn Sabbăh 52, 162–3

  Huygens, R. C. 181, 182

  Hastings, battle 1066 135

  Helen of Burgundy 141

  Ibn al-Athīr 53, 184

  Henry I, king of England 156–7

  Ibn al-Jawzī 183, 184

  Henry II, king of England 170

  Ibn Shaddād 169

  Henry IV, king of Germany 3, 138

  Iconium 32

  Henry of Esch 21, 23, 26, 140

  Ift ikhar al-Dawla 56, 67, 70, 83, 87,

  Heraclea 32

  88–9, 90, 91, 99, 100, 101, 102, 106,

  Heraclius, patriarch of Jerusalem 171

  109, 111, 114, 115, 118, 119, 121–2,

  Hezekiah, king of Judea 68

  125, 126, 13
3–4, 136, 145, 148

  Hezekiah’s Pool, Jerusalem 71

  Īlghāzī 55, 81, 162

  Hill, J. H. 177

  Isoard I, count of Die 96, 97, 122

  Hill, L. L. 177

  Ivo, bishop of Chartres 160

  Hill, Rosalind 176

  Ivo of Grandmesnil 40

  Hillenbrand, Carole 184

  Hims 168

  Jabala 48

  Historia de Hierosolymitano

  Jaff a 72, 74, 75, 76, 77–8, 84

  Itinere 176–7

  Jalāl al-Mulk, ruler of Tripoli 48, 56, 101,

  Historia Ecclesiastica 182

  109, 122, 142, 159

  Historia Francorum qui Ceperunt

  Janāh al-Dawla, atabeg of Homs 35

  Iherusalem 177–8

  Jerusalem

  Historia Hierosolymitana of Baldric

  assault 13 June 1099 62–3, 79

  of Dol 179–80, 182

  cisterns 70–1

  Historia Hierosolymitana of Fulcher

  Jaff a Gate 58

  of Chartres 178

  Nablus Gate 57

  Historia Iherosolimitana of Albert

  Pool of Israel 70

  of Aachen 178–9

  Sheep’s Pool 71

  Historia Iherosolimitana of Robert the

  siege 63BC 56–7

  Monk 180

  siege 70AD 82

  Historia Vie Hierosolimitane 180–1

  siege 636–7AD 54, 64

  History of the Franks who Invaded the

  siege 1098AD 55, 83, 88–9

  Islamic Lands 183

  siege 1187AD 171–2

  Holy Sepulchre 57, 70, 112, 113, 128,

  Siloam Pool 68–9, 71, 81

  130–1, 132, 136, 149, 154, 164, 171

  topography 56–7, 68, 72, 73, 81

  Horns of Hamah, battle 1175 168

  John II Comnenus 16

  Horns of Hattin, battle 1187 171

  Jokermish, governor of Mosul 162

  I N D E X

  209

  Joppa 47, 166

  Mount of Olives, Jerusalem 61, 62, 88,

  Jordan, river 78, 145

  98–9, 104, 122, 128

  Joscelin II of Courtenay, count of

  Mount Pilgrim, castle 159

  Edessa 163

  Mount Zion, Jerusalem 57, 59–60, 61,

  Joscelin III of Courtenay 170

  81, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 98, 105, 109,

  Josephus 83

  113, 115, 184

  Judas Maccabeus 59–60

  Mouzay 140

  Julius Caesar 130

  Mu’in al-Dīn Unur 166

  al-Musta’li 52

  Kerbogha, atabeg of Mosul 39, 40, 41,

  al-Mustansir 51–2

  42, 43, 44, 54, 55, 60, 74, 75, 85, 123,

  140, 155

  Nablus 83, 86, 102, 144–5, 148

  Kidron Valley, Jerusalem 62, 67, 68, 81,

  Neufmoutier 159

  88, 98, 123

  New Forest 156

  Knoch, Peter 178

  Nicea 10–12, 18, 19, 27, 51, 53, 55, 57,